Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Therapeutic Exercises

• Strengthening weak muscles
• Stretching tight or shortened tissues
• Range of motion (ROM) exercises
• Neuromuscular re-education

Manual Therapy

• Joint mobilization or manipulation
• Soft tissue mobilization, massage
• Myofascial release techniques

Electrotherapy and Modalities

• TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)
• Ultrasound therapy
• Interferential current (IFC)
• Laser therapy
• Heat and cold therapy

Postural Correction and Ergonomic Advice

• Correcting faulty posture
• Workstation assessment and modification
• Teaching safe movement patterns

Pain Management Strategies

• Multimodal approach combining manual therapy, exercises, education, and modalities

Functional and Gait Training

• Especially after surgery, injury, or joint replacement
• Improves balance, coordination, and functional mobility

Education and Self-Management

• Home exercise programs and activity pacing